Képviselet és választási rendszer az európai kontextusban
Political transformation into a multi-party democracy has taken place in a classical parliamentary framework in Hungary. The constitutional system is mode-fled after the main Fines of the West European traditions: a strong Parliament, a strong prime minister, a weak president. The constitutional reform of 1989 resulted in a system of parliamentary government in which the one-chamber general assembly enjoyed a very strong political position. Its position was weakened by the introduction of the constructive veto of no confidence, but Parliament remained the heart of the structure. Although the constitution does not declare the principle of checks and balances, the judiciary is fully independent, and the Constitutional Court has become an organ of real control over Parliament. The functions of representation are not questioned, hut the issue of uni- or bicameralism is still debated in the constitution drafting process.
From among the three main components of a political system the form of government (parliamentary versus presidential, and the mixed systems of the two); the electoral system; and the party system — the consequences of the structural features of the electoral setting are the most observable and measurable. The choice of the system affects the development at the party system, and in turn, the political content of the legislature. En Hungary the parliamentary system was associated with a mixed majoritarian-PR electoral system. which have survived since 1989 and two general elections were administered in its original – slightly altered – framework. The single-chamber national representative body is elected for four years. based on an individual constituency system combined with a territorial PR System and PR on the national level the latter upheld only for the sake a hotter degree of proportionality. The system is highly selective in both phases of the electoral process. As a result of the twofold selectivity the mixed Hungarian system is a markedly disproportional one. This feature of the parliamentary electoral system is mainly caused by the inherent majoritarian nature of individual constituencies and the more hidden disproportionality of territorial lists. The majoritarian preponderance of the electoral system had far-reaching political consequences after the first multi-party elections. The present majoritarian-PR mixed system helps coalition formation, increases the degree of governability, but makes the political system less.